Out of Africa

The first section of the chapter explains humankind's transition from  subsistence based nomads, to the agricultural societies of Mesopotamia and Eurasia. However we are tasked with the focus on early mans migration from humankind ancestral home of Africa. The human story, is that of homo sapiens, one of a few hominid species to migrate from the African continent. The chapter makes sure to emphasize that Africa is indeed the home of the "human revolution" as evidenced by early hunting and crafting tools, being left in areas previously unsettled by primates. Pointing to the human trait of societal organization, as in using a never before used/ tested area of land to support a group. Travelling to these different pieces of land during the changing seasons points to mans first early negotiations with the climate. Estimates from unearthed beads, tools and other artifacts point to a network of different lands almost 200 miles apart, showing that early mans nomadic travels, actually led to individuals seeing more of the world than those who lived in the thousands years after them where life was often reduced to 10 square miles.
            Each subsection details the continents and subcontinents earliest known arrivals, and how they arrived in those locations while the earth itself was still physically developing. Each different migration wave, and destination presented new climate and ecological challenges for humans. From the cave paintings in Spain to the Aboriginals of Australia, where their way of life had gone moderately unchanged until the last 150 years. Accompanying this is a map (1.1) that shows the flow of the human migration experience, and estimates on the earliest peoples to arrive there. The final flows shown, are an almost ancestral call back to the island of Madagascar off Africa South Eastern coast.